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Three new cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection were reported to WHO by the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia between 19-30 December 2014.
The first case was an 84-year-old male from Najran city who developed symptoms on 26 December. The patient had comorbidities. He owned goats and sheep but had no history of direct contact with them. The patient resided in an area with heavy presence of camels. The patient died 1 January 2015.
The second case is a 31-year-old female from Riyadh city who developed symptoms on 20 December. The patient has comorbidities and no history of exposure to other known risk factors in the 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms. Currently, the patient is in critical condition.
The third case is a 53-year-old male from Alkharj city who developed symptoms on 12 December. The patient has comorbidities. He owns goats and sheep and has frequent contact with them. Athough living in an area with heavy presence of camels, the patient has no history of contact with them or consuming raw camel products. The patient is in a stable condition at present.
Globally, WHO has been notified of 944 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, including at least 348 related deaths.
(Via WHO Global Alert and Response - accessed 06/01/15)
The risk associated with novel coronavirus to the general UK population remains extremely low and the risk to travellers to the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding countries remains very low.
Although the source of the virus and the mechanism of transmission is unknown, it would be prudent to try to reduce the general risk of infection while travelling by:
• Avoiding close contact with people suffering from acute respiratory infections.
• Frequent handwashing, especially after direct contact with ill people or their environment.
• Adhering to food safety and hygiene rules such as avoiding undercooked meats, raw fruits and vegetables unless they have been peeled, or unsafe water.
• People at high risk of severe disease due to MERS-CoV should avoid close contact with animals when visiting farms or barn areas where the virus is known to be potentially circulating. For the general public, when visiting a farm or a barn, general hygiene measures, such as regular hand washing before and after touching animals, avoiding contact with sick animals should be adhered to.
• People with symptoms of acute respiratory infection should practice cough etiquette (maintain distance, cover coughs and sneezes with disposable tissues or clothing, and wash hands) and to delay travel until they are no longer symptomatic.
Travellers to the Middle East who develop symptoms either during travel or after their return are encouraged to seek medical attention and to share their history of travel.
Consider the possibility of MERS-CoV infection in travellers with fever, cough, shortness of breath, or breathing difficulties, or other symptoms suggesting an infection, and with a recent history (within 14 days) of travel in the Middle East.
If a diagnosis of MERS–CoV infection is considered possible, apply infection prevention and control measures recommended by WHO, or outlined in national guidance, and refer the patient to a special infectious disease unit for further investigation.